基于响应面法的三甘醇脱水参数优化北大核心CSCD

目的解决三甘醇工艺脱水效率降低及能耗偏高等问题,对操作参数进行优化。方法采用灵敏度分析法和响应曲面法对运行参数进行优化。①采用灵敏度分析法选出富液进塔温度、重沸器温度、TEG贫液循环量、汽提气体积流量作为因素变量,以干气水露点和运行费用为响应值,通过HYSYS软件模拟计算25组试验数据;②采用响应曲面法进行分析和优化。结果富液进塔温度和汽提气体积流量间的交互作用对干气水露点影响最显著,富液进塔温度和TEG贫液循环量间的交互作用对运行费用影响最显著,优化后的最佳工艺参数为:富液进塔温度144.28℃、重沸器温度205.4℃、TEG贫液循环量4 m^(3)/h、汽提气体积流量24.96 m^(3)/h。在干气水露点满足外输要求和天然气处理量为300×10^(4) m^(3)/d的情况下,运行费用可降低69.33万元/年。结论响应面法可为指导现场运行参数优化提供理论基础。     

我国模具热处理及表面强化技术的应用及发展

对我国近年采模具钢热处理及表面强化技术的研究进展及应用作了简要叙述．主要是模具钢的表面强韧化技术、真空热处理技术、深冷热处理技术、表面强化技术和模具钢预硬化技术。     

Improved hydration resistance of CaO granules via sol-processed metal oxide protective layers

Well-sintered CaO granules with hydration resistance are very important for the manufacturing and application of CaO-containing refractories. CaO granules with sol-processed metal oxide protective layers were prepared by granulation and surface treatment. The obtained results indicated that the usage of nano sol greatly improved the hydration resistance of CaO granules, especially when the CaO granules were treated by alumina sol. The promoting effect of nano sols in the sintering processes improved the density of CaO granules. Nanoparticles reacted with lime at lower temperature and a new phase was formed uniformly in the treated layer, which promoted densification of the treated layer. The grain size of CaO granules in the treated layer was increased obviously with the promotion of sintering. Moreover, nanoparticles were favorable for the formation of direct bonding between CaO grains by decreasing the dihedral angle.     

Effects of acid leaching treatment of soda-lime silicate glass on crack initiation and fracture

Water or acid soaking surface treatments have been shown to increase the mechanical strength of soda-lime silicate (SLS) glasses. This increase in strength has traditionally been attributed to effects related to residual stress or changes in fracture resistance. In this work, we report experimental data that cannot be explained based on the existing knowledge of glass surface mechanics. In dry environments, annealed and acid-leached SLS surfaces have comparable crack initiation stress and fracture stress as measured by Hertzian indentation and biaxial bending tests, respectively. Yet, in the presence of humidity, acid-leached surfaces have higher failure stress than the annealed surfaces. This apparent enhancement in the crack resistance of the acid-leached surface of SLS glass in humid environments supports the hypothesis that acid-leached surface chemistry can lower the transport kinetics of molecular water to critical flaws.     

Interpenetrating polymer network/functionalized-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: As an advanced functional material

In this report, smart polyurethane-polystyrene interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-based nanocomposites were fabricated using simultaneous polymerization technique with different doses of functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-RGO). RGO was functionalized with monoglyceride of sunflower oil in the presence of toluene diisocyanate. Successful functionalization of RGO was supported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Most interestingly, the fabricated IPN-based nanocomposites showed significant enhancements in mechanical (tensile strength: 165%; elongation at break: 198%; toughness: 340%) and thermal (thermally stable up to 262°C) properties upon incorporation of 1 weight% of f-RGO. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposites exhibited outstanding chemical resistance, self-cleaning behavior through surface hydrophobicity (static contact angle: 125.6–136.5°), multi-stimuli responsive shape memory effect (100% recovery within 33–44 s by microwave and 265–308 s by sunlight) and thermally actuated artificial muscle-like behavior. Therefore, the studied smart nanocomposites with the aforementioned properties hold significant potential for possible advanced applications.     

Effect of IR-laser treatment parameters on surface structure,roughness, wettability and bonding properties of fused deposition modeling-printed PEEK/CF

In this study, laser surface treatment was applied to alter the surface texturing and chemical compositions of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PEEK/CF samples to improve the deficiency of inert surface of PEEK as adherend substrate. The influence of IR-laser parameters including treatment gaps, single pulse energy and pulse widths on surface properties and shear bond strength were discussed. The results indicated that surface roughness was enhanced with decreasing treatment gap or increasing pulse energy, which reached the highest value of Ra = 32.44 μm at 0.4*0.4 mm² treatment gap and 300 mJ single pulse energy. By adjusting laser pulse width, surface wettability changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. After micro-second laser ablation, the texturing structure was changed and acted as mechanical interlocking effect, and therefore make the shear bond strengths improve from 3.28 to 6.42 MPa compared with the untreated groups. On the other hand, functional groups on substrate surface were activated after nano-second laser ablation, which contributes to an enhancement of shear bond strength through chemical interaction between adhesives and substrates. Therefore, our work highlights an efficient method of laser surface treatment on the adhesion property of FDM-printed substrates.     

提高层状双金属氢氧化物水中吸附性能研究进展

介绍了LDH这类绿色环保、结构独特、理化性能优异的高效吸附剂,归纳了国内外科研工作者对于LDH材料在水处理方面的研究成果,分析了LDH吸附性能的影响因素并解释了污染物的吸附机理。认为吸附剂的吸附能力与自身结构和特性有关,可以通过增大比表面积和改变表面化学性质来提高吸附剂吸附性能。表面改性使LDH具有吸附专向性,提高了对特定污染物的吸附效率;改变形貌结构增大了吸附剂的比表面积和孔隙率,为LDH提供更多的吸附位点,为离子转输提供了有利条件。     

铁锰复合氧化物滤料去除地表水中锰研究

在小试条件下,以石英砂为载体,利用表面负载的铁锰复合氧化膜研究了地表水和地下水催化氧化去除锰的效果差异。结果表明,保持相同的操作条件,地表水中锰去除率(20%)远不及地下水(40%)。通过对比水质参数,认为该差异可能主要取决于水中pH和碱度。将地表水pH提高至和地下水相同,去除效果未见大幅提升;而将碱度提高至和地下水相同时去除效果有较大改善,锰去除率由20%提高至40%,认为碱度含量的不同是导致不同水源水中锰去除效果差异的主要原因。进而在提高碱度至120 mg/L的基础上改变其他运行条件,以寻求保持活性氧化膜去除地表水中锰的有效方法。发现降低进水锰浓度、滤速,增加滤层厚度均有助于提高去除效率,几乎可达到与地下水相同去除率。     

厌氧/特异性移动床生物膜反应器处理焦化废水

采用厌氧/特异性移动床生物膜反应器(AMBBR/SMBBR)工艺对焦化废水进行生物降解,在单因素实验基础上,通过基于Box-Behnken设计的响应面法对SMBBR实验参数进行优化,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)检测各单元废水中有机组分变化,探究有机污染物降解机理。结果表明,工艺运行参数在DO的质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH为8、HRT为5 d时处理效能最高,COD去除率达84.51%。系统中污染物降解过程服从一级反应动力学关系,污染物降解效率明显优于传统活性污泥法。AMBBR可通过厌氧消化有效降解酚类、喹啉和吲哚等有机物;SMBBR中好氧曝气能够进一步降解2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷、丁酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯和苯酚等有机污染物。A/SMBBR组合工艺为焦化废水的高效处理提供了新方案。     

退役电缆附件微观结构与电荷特性研究

电缆附件是输电线路中最容易出现故障的薄弱环节,从微观结构和电荷特性方面入手,分析和探索退役电缆附件的失效行为和影响规律,是提高电力系统安全稳定运行的关键。该文研究对象取样于退役或故障电缆附件绝缘,通过对其表面化学组成和形貌的观测分析、材料陷阱参数的测量计算以及空间电荷的测试,分析老化作用下三者之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:三元乙丙橡胶(ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM)绝缘的电缆附件,其老化标志除了出现C—O、C=O结构外,还包括因终端填充硅油而引入的含Si基团及其比例的改变;而在硅橡胶(siliconerubber,Si R)绝缘的电缆附件中,Si—O—Si比例的下降是其严重劣化的标志;与EPDM相比,Si R浅陷阱能级和密度占据优势,其表面电位衰减和电荷消散速度明显更快,能够有效避免空间电荷的集聚,但是由于Si R较差的抗撕裂性容易产生裂纹;退役电缆附件长期运行在复杂的环境下,材料的氧化、主链和侧链的断裂及其他杂质的生成,是附件绝缘陷阱参数及电荷特性变化的主要原因。